From its origins as the Berean Baptist Church, Judson has always been affiliated with the American Baptist Churches and its predecessor organization, the Northern Baptist Convention. Since 1952, Judson has also been affliated with the United Church of Christ and its predecessor, the Congregational Christian Church. Judson ordains people to ministry in both denominations and baptizes according to preference. As a congregation that welcomes the full participation of lesbians and gays in the church, Judson supports the "open and affirming" groupings within both denominations.

There are about 175 active Judson participants in the New York City area. Active participants includemembers, voting non-members, and people whoshow up a lot but never sought to gain the franchise by joining. People can join Judson by making a statement of belief, by formally transferring membership from another congregation, or by accepting baptism. Voting non-members are persons who wish to have voting rights but whose religiousbackground or employment status bars them from seeking regular membership. Judson does not pushmembership on anyone but does encourage people who identify strongly with the community to become members or voting non-members.

Sunday worship services aim to be serious but not showy, passionate but not pretentious. The congregation singing is vigorous, and there is almost one or more special music selection (vocal solo, duet, choral piece, dance piece, etc.) that extends or comments on the sermon topic. Both biblical and contemporary readings anchor the preaching, which forms the heart of most services. Worshippers often bring personal concerns and/or celebrations to the community priot to the pastoral prayer. As befits a congregation with a Baptist heritage, Judson dispenses with the Apostles' Creed, the gloria patri, and most other creeds and formulas. On the first Sunday of each month, worshippers gather around tables to honor the agape meal tradition of the early Christian community. These first Sunday services also feature extra congregational singing and a celebration of the Lord's Supper.